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Feedback linearization based control for weak grid connected PV system under normal and abnormal conditions

Rahul SHARMA,Sathans SUHAG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 400-409 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0459-5

摘要： This paper proposes a control strategy for interface of distributed energy sources into the weak grid system with a focus on the energy and ancillary services. A novel controller has been designed and implemented to tackle the challenges of coupling terms in the LCL filter, the transient behavior under sudden changes, and the voltage support under fault condition using the feedback linearization technique. The controller proposed has been implemented on the PV system connected with the weak grid using the LCL filter and the performance of the controller has been verified using Matlab/Simulink through simulation under different conditions. The results of the controller proposed have been compared with the conventional PI dual loop controller. The simulation results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness and simplicity of the controller design strategy.

关键词： PV system grid interface feedback linearization inverter LCL filter

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PV/T太阳能热泵系统的性能研究

裴刚,季杰,何伟,孙炜

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第9期页码 49-56

摘要：

提出一种新型的太阳能热泵系统——PV/T-SAHP系统，该系统具有光电/光热综合利用的功能；建立了PV/T-SAHP系统的动态模型，对该系统的运行特性进行了数值模拟。结果显示，PV/T-SAHP系统的电效率和热效率较传统的太阳能系统和热泵系统都有明显提高，运行能耗较普通热泵大幅度降低；系统PV/T蒸发器的面积、管间距、倾角等参数的变化对电效率和热性能会产生比较大的影响

关键词：太阳能热泵光电光热综合利用 PV/T SAHP

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Sizing of hybrid PMSG-PV system for battery charging of electric vehicles

M. M. RAJAN SINGARAVEL,S. ARUL DANIEL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 68-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0349-7

摘要： The number of electric vehicles are increasing in the society as they are considered as zero emission vehicles and also because conventional fuels are becoming expensive. Additional electrical power should be produced to meet the energy requirement of this increase in electric vehicle population. To use the existing grid infrastructure without any failure, installing distributed generator at secondary distribution network is essential. In this work, sizing of wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator—photovoltaic hybrid distributed generating system has been attempted to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles of a particular residential area. Different feasible combinations for wind generator capacity and photovoltaic capacity are obtained to satisfy the additional energy requirement. Results are analyzed based on energy, financial payback periods and daily power profile of the hybrid system. Based on this analysis, the sizes of wind generator and photovoltaic array have been chosen to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles of that particular residential locality.

关键词： electric vehicles hybrid PMSG-PV system smart grid

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Optimal design and development of PV-wind-battery based nano-grid system: A field-on-laboratory demonstration

B. TUDU, K. K. MANDAL, N. CHAKRABORTY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 269-283 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0573-z

摘要： The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-on-laboratory demonstration (FOLD) and “bridge the gaps between research, development, and implementation.” The system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) (2.4 kWp), a wind turbine (3.2 kWp), and a battery bank (400 Ah). Initially, a prefeasibility study is conducted using the well-established HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. The feasibility study indicates that the optimal capacity for the nano-grid system consists of a 2.16 kWp solar PV, a 3 kWp wind turbine, a 1.44 kW inverter, and a 24 kWh battery bank. The total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are US$20789.85 and US$0.673/kWh, respectively. However, the hybrid system consisting of a 2.4 kWp of solar PV, a 3.2 kWp of wind turbine, a 3 kVA of inverter, and a 400 Ah of battery bank has been installed due to unavailability of system components of desired values and to enhance the reliability of the system. The TNPC and COE of the system installed are found to be US$20073.63 and US$0.635/kWh, respectively and both costs are largely influenced by battery cost. Besides, this paper has illustrated the installation details of each component as well as of the system. Moreover, it has discussed the detailed cost breakup of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system has been investigated and validated with the simulation results. It is observed that the power generated from the PV system is quite significant and is almost uniform over the year. Contrary to this, a trivial wind velocity prevails over the year apart from the month of April, May, and June, so does the power yield. This research demonstration provides a pathway for future planning of scaled-up hybrid energy systems or microgrid in this region of India or regions of similar topography.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) wind battery nano-grid hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) field-on-lab demonstration (FOLD)

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Power quality investigation of a solar PV transformer-less grid- connected system fed DVR

Akhil GUPTA,Saurabh CHANANA,Tilak THAKUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 240-253 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0322-x

摘要： This paper presents a single stage transformer-less grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an active and reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, the grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in a reactive power generation mode, which powers the control circuitry, and maintains a regulated DC voltage to the VSC. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme which performs power quality control at a maximum power by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid injected current as per IEEE-519/1547 standards is implemented. A proportional-integral (PI) controller based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) control scheme is implemented which controls the grid side converter during single-phase to ground fault. The analysis includes the grid current THD along with the corresponding variation of the active and reactive power during the fault condition. The MPPT tracks the actual variable DC link voltage while deriving the maximum power from the solar PV array, and maintains the DC link voltage constant by changing the modulation index of the VSC. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validations of the proposed novel MPPT and DVR control systems under different environmental conditions.

关键词： data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) total harmonic distortion (THD) proportional integral control voltage restorer pulse width modulation

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A control scheme with performance prediction for a PV fed water pumping system

Ramesh K GOVINDARAJAN,Pankaj Raghav PARTHASARATHY,Saravana Ilango GANESAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 480-489 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0334-6

摘要： This paper focuses on modeling and performance predetermination of a photovoltaic (PV) system with a boost converter fed permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor-centrifugal pump load, taking the converter losses into account. Sizing is done based on the maximum power generated by the PV array at the average irradiation. Hence optimum sizing of the PV array for the given irradiation at the geographical location of interest is obtained using the predetermined values. The analysis presented here involves systems employing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) as they are more efficient than directly coupled systems. However, the voltage and power of the motor might rise above rated values for irradiations greater than the average when employing MPPT, hence a control scheme has been proposed to protect the PMDC motor from being damaged during these conditions. This control scheme appropriately chooses the optimum operating point of the system, ensuring long-term sustained operation. The numerical simulation of the system is performed in Matlab/Simulink and is validated with experimental results obtained from a 180 V, 0.5 hp PMDC motor coupled to a centrifugal pump. The operation of the system with the proposed control scheme is verified by varying the irradiation levels and the relevant results are presented.

关键词： photovoltaic system boost converter maximum power point tracking (MPPT) DC permanent-magnet motor centrifugal pump

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PV based water pumping system for agricultural irrigation

T A BINSHAD,K VIJAYAKUMAR,M KALEESWARI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 319-328 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0409-7

摘要： This paper investigates the operation and analysis of the photovoltaic water pumping system in detail. Power electronic controllers were designed and developed for the water pumping system using a boost converter along with an inverter followed by an induction motor pump set. The proposed system could be employed in agricultural irrigation under any operating condition of varying natures of solar irradiances and temperatures. The configuration and implementation of the system were described in detail. Further, the detailed method of analysis and simulation characteristics of such PV water pumping system was also presented. With the concern of shortage of fossil fuel, global warming and energy security, the proposed PV based water pumping system can meet the significant demand of electricity and serve for the agricultural sector.

关键词： photovoltaic water pumping system power electronic controller solar irradiances and temperature

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Dynamic characteristics and improved MPPT control of PV generator

Houda BRAHMI, Rachid DHIFAOUI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 342-350 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0242-1

摘要： This paper presents a mathematical model of photovoltaic (PV) module and gives a strategy to calculate online the maximum power point (MPP). The variation of series and shunt resistor are taken into account in the model and are dynamically identified using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by laboratory experiments obtained by implementing the model on the dSPACE DS1104 board.

关键词： modeling of photovoltaic (PV) generator maximum power point tracking (MPPT) estimation parameters real time controller

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Application of metal oxides-based nanofluids in PV/T systems: a review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 397-428 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0758-8

摘要： Having the wide application of metal oxides in energy technologies, in recent years, many researchers tried to increase the performance of the PV/T system by using metal oxide-based nanofluids (NFs) as coolants or optical filters or both at the same time. This paper summarizes recent research activities on various metal oxides (Al₂O₃, TiO₂, SiO₂, Fe₃O₄, CuO, ZnO, MgO)-based NFs performance in the PV/T system regarding different significant parameters, e.g., thermal conductivity, volume fraction, mass flowrate, electrical, thermal and overall efficiency, etc. By conducting a comparative study among the metal oxide-based NFs, Al₂O₃/SiO₂-water NFs are mostly used to achieve maximum performance. The Al₂O₃-water NF has a prominent heat transfer feature with a maximum electrical efficiency of 17%, and a maximum temperature reduction of PV module of up to 36.9°C can be achieved by using the Al₂O₃-water NF as a coolant. Additionally, studies suggest that the PV cell’s efficiency of up to 30% can be enhanced by using a solar tracking system. Besides, TiO₂-water NFs have been proved to have the highest thermal efficiency of 86% in the PV/T system, but TiO₂ nanoparticles could be hazardous for human health. As a spectral filter, SiO₂-water NF at a size of 5 nm and a volume fraction of 2% seems to be very favorable for PV/T systems. Studies show that the combined use of NFs as coolants and spectral filters in the PV/T system could provide a higher overall efficiency at a cheaper rate. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of using NFs in PV/T systems are also discussed.

关键词： metal oxide nanofluids (NFs) nanoparticles (NPs) optical filter PV/T systems solar energy

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A genetic algorithm based improved optimal sizing strategy for solar-wind-battery hybrid system using

Aeidapu MAHESH, Kanwarjit Singh SANDHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 139-151 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0484-4

摘要： In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize a grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind-battery hybrid system using a novel energy filter algorithm. The main objective of this paper is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid system, while maintaining its reliability. Along with the reliability constraint, some of the important parameters, such as full utilization of complementary nature of PV and wind systems, fluctuations of power injected into the grid and the battery’s state of charge (SOC), have also been considered for the effective sizing of the hybrid system. A novel energy filter algorithm for smoothing the power injected into the grid has been proposed. To validate the proposed method, a detailed case study has been conducted. The results of the case study for different cases, with and without employing the energy filter algorithm, have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sizing strategy.

关键词： PV-wind-battery hybrid system size optimization genetic algorithm

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Optimal operation of microgrid using hybrid differential evolution and harmony search algorithm

S. SURENDER REDDY,Jae Young PARK,Chan Mook JUNG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 355-362 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0414-x

摘要： This paper proposes the generation scheduling approach for a microgrid comprised of conventional generators, wind energy generators, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery storage, and electric vehicles. The electrical vehicles (EVs) play two different roles: as load demands during charging, and as storage units to supply energy to remaining load demands in the MG when they are plugged into the microgrid (MG). Wind and solar PV powers are intermittent in nature; hence by including the battery storage and EVs, the MG becomes more stable. Here, the total cost objective is minimized considering the cost of conventional generators, wind generators, solar PV systems and EVs. The proposed optimal scheduling problem is solved using the hybrid differential evolution and harmony search (hybrid DE-HS) algorithm including the wind energy generators and solar PV system along with the battery storage and EVs. Moreover, it requires the least investment.

关键词： battery storage electric vehicles (EVs) microgrid (MG) optimal scheduling solar photovoltaic (PV) system wind energy conversion system

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Real-time simulation platform for photovoltaic system with a boost converter using MPPT algorithm in

Geethanjali PURUSHOTHAMAN, Vimisha VENUGOPALAN, Aleena Mariya VINCENT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 373-379 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0272-8

摘要： Recently, real-time simulation of renewable energy sources are indispensible for evaluating the performance of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, especially in the photovoltaic (PV) system in order to reduce cost in the testing phase. Nowadays, real time PV simulators are obtained by using analog and/or digital components. In this paper, a real-time simulation of a PV system with a boost converter was proposed using only the digital signal processor (DSP) processor with two DC voltage sources to emulate the temperature and irradiation in the PV system. A MATLAB/Simulink environment was used to develop the real-time PV system with a boost converter into a C-program and build it into a DSP controller TMS320F28335. Besides, the performance of the real-time DSP-based PV was tested in different temperature and irradiation conditions to observe the P-V and V-I characteristics. Further, the performance of the PV with a boost converter was tested at different temperatures and irradiations using MPPT algorithms. This scheme was tested through simulation and the results were validated with that of standard conditions given in the PV data sheets. Implementation of this project helped to attract more researchers to study renewable energy applications without real sources. This might facilitate the study of PV systems in a real-time scenario and the evaluation of what should be expected for PV modules available in the market.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) module digital signal processor (DSP) controller power electronic converter real-time simulation

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Rapid transaction to load variations of active filter supplied by PV system

M. BENADJA,S. SAAD,A. BELHAMRA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 335-344 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0325-7

摘要： This paper deals with the analysis and control of a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the main supply through a Boost converter and shunt active filter supplied by a PV system providing continuous supply of nonlinear load in variation. A robust control of a PV system connected to the grid while feeding a variable nonlinear load is developed and highlighted. This development is based on the control of the Boost converter to extract the maximum power from the PV system using the Perturb and Observe (P and O) algorithm in the presence of temperature and illumination. The proposed modeling and control strategy provide power to the variable nonlinear load and facilitates the transfer of power from solar panel to the grid while improving the quality of energy (harmonic currents compensation, power factor compensation and dc bus voltage regulation). Validation of the developed model and control strategy is conducted using power system simulator Sim-Power System Blockset Matlab/Simulink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the shunt active filter to load changes, the method of instantaneous power ( theory) is used to identify harmonic currents. The obtained results show an accurate extraction of harmonic currents and perfect compensation of both reactive power and harmonic currents with a lower THD and in accordance with the IEEE-519 standard.

关键词： solar panels maximum power point tracking (MPPT) DC/DC converter (Boost) shunt active filter instantaneous power control power quality harmonics imbalances reactive energy

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Emerging technologies to power next generation mobile electronic devices using solar energy

Dewei JIA , Yubo DUAN , Jing LIU ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 262-288 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0015-z

摘要： Mobile electronic devices such as MP3, mobile phones, and wearable or implanted medical devices have already or will soon become a necessity in peoples’ lives. However, the further development of these devices is restricted not only by the inconvenient charging process of the power module, but also by the soaring prices of fossil fuel and its downstream chain of electricity manipulation. In view of the huge amount of solar energy fueling the world biochemically and thermally, a carry-on electricity harvester embedded in portable devices is emerging as a most noteworthy research area and engineering practice for a cost efficient solution. Such a parasitic problem is intrinsic in the next generation portable devices. This paper is dedicated to presenting an overview of the photovoltaic strategy in the chain as a reference for researchers and practitioners committed to solving the problem.

关键词： photovoltaic conversion energy harvesting solar cell maximum power point track algorithm PV electricity storage mobile/standalone PV application

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Assessment of a fuzzy logic based MRAS observer used in a photovoltaic array supplied AC drive

Bhavnesh KUMAR, Yogesh K CHAUHAN, Vivek SHRIVASTAVA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 81-89 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0295-9

摘要： In this paper a fuzzy logic (FL) based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed observer for high performance AC drives is proposed. The error vector computation is made based on the rotor-flux derived from the reference and the adaptive model of the induction motor. The error signal is processed in the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for speed adaptation. The drive employs an indirect vector control scheme for achieving a good closed loop speed control. For powering the drive system, a standalone photovoltaic (PV) energy source is used. To extract the maximum power from the PV source, a constant voltage controller (CVC) is also proposed. The complete drive system is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and the performance is analyzed for different operating conditions.

关键词： induction motor drive fuzzy logic (FL) control model reference adaptive system (MRAS) photovoltaic (PV) array vector control